The Lateral Knee Ligament is a round, cord-like band of fibrous tissue on the outside aspect of the Knee joint. It provides stability and contact between the Femur (thigh bone) and Fibula (outside shin bone).

Mechanism of Injury

Rapid/violent overloading of the Lateral Ligament by twisting or varus (bow legged) movements cause a breakdown of the connective tissue fibres. There are 3 different categories of ligament damage:

Incidence

Occurs mainly in males aged 20-50.
Increased risk during wet or muddy conditions when spikes or studs get stuck in the mud.
Increased risk when wearing unsupporting shoes, uncorrected foot biomechanics (alignment) or if overweight.

Signs and Symptoms

• Localised pain around the Knee joint that radiates down the outside of the shin or up the thigh
• Tender to touch around the outside of the Knee joint
• Increasing discomfort during twisting or bow legged movements
• Swelling and or bruising on the outside aspect of the Knee (Common in Grade II or III injuries)
• A feeling of laxity on the outside of the Knee joint (Common in Grade II or III injuries)

Investigations

X-Rays will usually detect an increase in the lateral joint space
MRI scans are useful for determining the extent of ligament tearing in more serious cases and excluding additional internal Knee damage

Therapy Treatment

• Initial reduction of activity and decreased weight bearing with crutches
• Ice packs or ice massage to the localised area every 2 hours for the first 48 hours
• Taping/Strapping to reduce the swelling and strain on the tissues
• Ultrasound or laser therapy
• Deep Frictions of the ligament fibres
• Strengthening exercises for the quadriceps, hamstrings and calf muscles
• Balance exercises
• Purchase of Orthotics (arch supports)

Medical Treatment

• Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAID'S)
• Corticosteroid Injections
• Surgery to repair or attach damaged ligament tissue (Grade II-III injuries)